东北农牧交错区绵羊的自由放养与设计饲养

Extensive grazing and designed feeding with supplemented legume forages on natural grassland

探讨了在草地自由放养基础上的家畜饲养方式 ,提出在东北农牧交错区要进行设计饲养 ,即在利用草地草、农田残茬、林带草和树木落叶自由放养的基础上 ,按着动物的生长规律设计增重要求 ,同时利用能量和蛋白质饲料进行补饲 .这种日常计划饲养方式有利于草地管理及家畜生产 ,是我国草地畜牧业的改进发展方向 .在东北农牧交错区 ,当年生羔羊羯羊日粮中若加入 2 0 %的豆科牧草 ,当年体重可以增加 4 0 %～ 6 5 % ,即达到 5 2～ 6 1kg .这不仅会满足商品畜当年出栏的高标准要求 ,缩短家畜的存栏期 ,增进畜牧业效益 ,同时也必将减轻放牧家畜对草原次年的压力 .

Livestock needs to be fully stuffed and fed well.Eating-well can compensate eating-full,and can rapidly increase the body weight of livestock,shorten its feeding period,enhance its production,and protect natural grassland from overgrazing. A designed feeding based on extensive grazing on natural grassland by supplementing rich crude protein-contained forage might be a new trend for optimizing the animal husbandry on grassland.Adding 20% legume forages to the diets for wethers could make the live body weight get a 40%～65% increase,achieving 52～61 kg in October extending to December. Forage production,animal nutrition and animal production were the three relatively primary factors for grassland management while focusing on grazing.Some terms such as eating-well,eating-well degree,eating-full,eating-full degree,extensive grazing and designed feeding were also defined respectively in this paper.