枯萎病对棉花产量和纤维品质的影响

Effect of Fusarium Wilt on the Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality

对2002年长江流域棉花区试的10个新品种进行了抗枯萎病(Fusariumwilt)鉴定,并从每个品种中各选择30个单株,分株计产,按株取样检验其纤维品质。分析棉株不同的枯萎病级别对棉花产量和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)有2个品种抗枯萎病;6个耐病;2个感病。(2)枯萎病株的皮棉产量比健株减产的百分率分别为:Ⅰ级26.48%,Ⅱ级45.50%,Ⅲ级54.57%,Ⅳ级77.76%,减产极显著。(3)病株纤维的长度、整齐度、比强度和伸长率也均显著或极显著低于健株。棉株枯萎病级别与纤维长度呈极显著负相关,与比强度和麦克隆值呈显著负相关。

Ten varieties(strains and crosses) participated in the cotton regional test of Yangtze River Valley in 2002 were tested for their resistibility to Fusarium wilt.30 plants from each variety in the trial were randomly picked up for the analyses of yield, fiber quality, and resistance to Fusarium wilt. The result showed that there were 2 resistant varieties, 6 tolerant ones and 2 susceptible varieties to the disease. The percentages of reduced lint yield for the varieties that expressed wilt disease were as follow: 26.48% for grade I, 45.50% for grade II, 54.50% for grade III, and 77.76% for grade IV. The main causes related to the yield loss were that the mature boll number per plant, the single boll average weight, and the lint percentage reduced along with the increase of the incidence of the disease. The fiber quality was also affected by the incidence of the disease, showing that the span length, uniformity, strength, and the elongation of the fiber were lowered compared with control, and all the variances statistically reached highly significant levels, except the micronaire value that was less affected. Correlation analyses indicated that the incidence grade of the disease was negatively correlated with the fiber strength, micronaire value and the fiber span length, and reached significant or highly significant levels.