黑麦染色体1R对小麦幼穗培养中染色体稳定性的影响

Effect of 1R on Chromosome Stability in Tissue Culture of Wheat

使用 5个不同的小麦品种和小麦 -黑麦 1R染色体单体和二体附加系进行组织培养 ,研究了再分化培养基上长出的根的染色体数。发现 5个小麦品种的再生根尖的染色体都有丢失的现象 ,指出组织培养诱导了小麦培养中的细胞的染色体的不稳定性。不同的小麦品种在培养中的细胞稳定性在品种间存在着一定的差异 ,1RS/ 1BL易位系的染色体在培养中丢失较多。黑麦的 1R染色体附加到小麦 ,增加了小麦染色体的不稳定性 ,其中单体附加诱导染色体不稳定性的作用大于二体附加。本实验没有观察到小麦不同品种的组织培养能力和细胞学稳定性间的相关性。文中讨论了利用组织培养诱导染色体易位的可能性。

Chromosome numbers in the roots, which were obtained from differentiation culture of inflorescence culture of 5 wheat cultivars (lines) and two wheat-rye 1R dior monosomic addition lines, were analyzed by detecting the cytology stability in tissue culture. The results indicate that tissue culture induces cytological instability of wheat. There is significant difference in cytological stability of tissue culture among different wheat cultivars or lines. The cultivars or lines with 1RS/1BL translocation chromosome exhibit more instable than the cultivars which do not contain this translocation. Addition of 1R chromosome increases evidently instability of wheat chromosomes in tissue culture. Monosomic addition show a stronger effect than disomic addition in tissue culture. In this paper the problem of chromosome translocation in tissue culture is discussed.