论国家紧急权及其合理运用的制度建构

On the State Power to Declare Emergency and the Construction of the System on Its Rational Application

由于我国新修订的宪法已经引入了"紧急状态"概念,因此如何构建国家紧急权制度体系,也就成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。从学理上看,国家紧急权是指国家在紧急状态下为了恢复正常的社会秩序而采取非常规的紧急对抗措施的权力。而从历史的经验教训看,国家紧急权决不是一项不受限制的权力,它的行使应当在明晰的法律范围进行,是宪政之限权目标的一部分。因此,国家紧急权制度的建构是非常重要的,它应坚持目的的合理性、手段的适当性、时间的有限性、启动的制约性等原则。

With the introduction of the concept-'emergency' into our newly-amended Constitution, the institutional system construction of the state power to declare emergency becomes an urgent task. Academically speaking, the state power to declare emergency is the power authorizing the state to take unconventional emergent countermeasures to resume the normal social order. However, if we take it historically, the state power of emergency is definitely not a power free of any restrictions, and it must be implemented under clearly-defined conditions, as is part of the aim of restricting the power of the constitutional government. Therefore, the institutional system construction of state power to declare emergency is of great importance, which should be conducted following the principles such as rationality of purpose, appropriateness of means, limitedness of time, conditionality of startup.