实验性酒精中毒性肌病组织病理学研究

Experimental study of chronic alcoholic skeletal muscle myopathy

目的 了解酒精中毒性肌病的组织病理变化特征。方法 建立慢性酒精中毒性大鼠肌病模型 ,观察动物染毒后不同时期和不同部位肌肉组织病理改变。结果 (1 )酒精染毒动物肌纤维有变性、坏死、肌纤维萎缩、炎细胞浸润和肌纤维再生现象。(2 )酒精染毒后 ,Ⅱ型肌纤维较Ⅰ型肌纤维病理损害更严重 ,Ⅱb型肌纤维萎缩是较突出的病理改变。 (3)酒精染毒后 ,不同部位的肌肉病理改变程度存在差异 ,对酒精中毒的易感性依次为跖肌、腓肠肌和比目鱼肌。 (4 )酒精染毒后各型肌纤维的构成比无明显变化。结论 酒精中毒性肌病肌肉组织病理改变形式多样 。

Objective To investigate the histopathological characteristics of chronic alcoholic skeletal muscle myopathy.Methods The model of Wistar rats with chronic alcoholic skeletal muscle myopathy were established by using Trounce′s method.The histopathological changes of skeletal muscle were observed.Result (1)In the skeletal muscles of the alcohol treated rats,histological findings were mainly myocytolysis,fiber atrophy,infiltration of inflammatory cells and muscle fiber regeneration.(2)The pathological changes in type Ⅱ muscle fibers were severer than typeⅠmuscle fibers in the alcohol treated rats.Selective atrophy of typeⅡb muscle fibers was predominant pathological change.(3)With alcohol toxication,rats had extended histopathological changes in different muscles.The plantaris were most susceptible to ethanol,then the gastrocnemius,and finally the soleus.(4)After alcohol toxication,the composition of fiber types of rat skeletal muscles were not changed.Conclusions Histopathological changes of alcoholic myopathy are various.Selective susceptibility of typeⅡb fibers is the predominant characteristics.