男子三级跳远运动员下肢肌肉力量特征的比较研究

Comparative Study of Muscle Power Characteristics of Lower Limbs in Male Triple Jumpers

本研究旨在探讨三级跳远运动员下肢关节肌力特征及其与专项能力间的相互关系。采用美国产BIODEXⅡ型多关节等速测力及康复系统对男子三级跳远运动员起跳腿侧的髋、膝、踝三关节肌群进行向心收缩、离心收缩的肌力测试 ,并结合其跨步跳的起跳效果进行综合分析 ,发现髋、踝关节的最大力量决定了着地支撑技术的稳定性 ;膝、踝关节伸肌的离心收缩能力以及踝关节屈肌的快速力量主要影响踏跳动作的缓冲效果 ;踝关节伸肌快速力量和离心收缩能力以及屈肌的快速做功能力对踝关节的蹬伸速度影响最大 ,是影响蹬伸效果的主要因素。以上结果为教练员进行针对性专项力量训练和改进技术动作提供了科学依据。

By using BIODEXⅡ multi-joint power measuring apparatus and some rehabilitation instruments,concentric and eccentric contracting testing of hip, knee and ankle joint of supporting leg was performed in some male triple jumpers in order to understand the relationship between muscle power character of lower limbs and event-specific ability. Combined the above results with the technical efficiency of step jump, it is concluded that the maximum force of hip joint and ankle joint determines the stability of landing technique. The eccentric contraction ability of the extensor of knee joint and ankle joint and fast contraction ability of the flexors in ankle joint determine the buffer effect of landing; fast contraction ability and eccentric contraction ability of extensor in ankle joint make the most important influence on the stretching speed of ankle joint. Thus, the results provide the scientific base to improve the event-specific strength training and technique for coaching.