复合骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)的微小颗粒骨修复兔桡骨缺损的实验研究

Effects of combined use of autologous or allogenic micromorselized bone and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) on healing of segmental rabbit bone defects

目的探讨自体或深低温冷冻同种异体微小颗粒骨复合胶原、骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)修复节段性兔桡骨缺损的效果。方法将兔自体或同种异体骨研磨成微小颗粒,分别与BMP及Ⅰ型胶原复合,并采用兔桡骨干1.5cm缺损的动物模型,通过X线、组织学、骨密度、生物力学等检测手段,与自体微小颗粒骨复合胶原修复节段性骨缺损的疗效比较。结果自体或深低温冷冻同种异体微小颗粒骨复合BMP胶原比自体微小颗粒骨复合胶原成骨效果优良,其中复合BMP组在8周即可使骨缺损修复,髓腔通畅,在骨缺损修复各时期,其成骨速度及成骨量均好于未复合BMP组。结论自体或深低温冷冻同种异体微小颗粒骨复合胶原BMP均可有效地修复节段性骨缺损,两种方法促进新骨形成无明显差异,异体微小颗粒骨复合胶原BMP是良好的骨缺损修复材料。

Objective To study the effects of combined use of autologous or allogenic micromorselized bone and BMP in type Ⅰcollagen carrier on repairing segmental bone defects. Methods 2 new grafting materials were prepared by combining BMP in type Ⅰcollagen carrier with either rabbit autologous or allogenic micromorselized bone which had been obtained by grinding the bulk bone. The allogenic bone was preserved at a temperature of 80℃. These 2 materials and autologous micromorselized bone combined with typeⅠcollagen were used respectively to repair 1.5cm segmental bone defects in the radius of rabbits. The defect repairing capability for each of the 3 treatments was assessed by radiographic, histological, bone densitometry,and biomechanical testing. Results Both autologous micromorselized bone with BMP in typeⅠcollagen carrier and allogenic micromorselized bone with BMP in typeⅠcollagen carrier exhibited better performances than autologous micromorselized bone combined with typeⅠcollagen in repairing bone defects. The materials with BMP exhibited the strongest defect repairing ability, and obvious healing of defect could be seen 8 weeks postoperatively. At every stage, the material with BMP did a better job than that without BMP in terms of quantity and quality of new bone growth. Conclusion Since both autologous micromorselized bone with BMP in typeⅠcollagen carrier and allogenic micromorselized bone with BMP in typeⅠcollagen carrier are effective in repairing segmental bone defects and they are not obviously different in forming new bone, the latter is an excellent bone repairing material as the former.