从理论实体看科学哲学中的理性与非理性之争

Discussion about the Rationalism and Irrationalism in Philosophy of Science from "Theoretical Entity"

本文在扼要叙述经验论、结构论、实在论反对或坚持科学中的“理论实体”的主要观点和理由的基础上,通过对其方法论的分析和比较,着重从“相对价值”的角度,提出了我们在这一重要认识论问题上的基本意见和倾向:如果我们必须在那些无法让人满意的理论之间做出选择,我们可以遵循和采取“两害取其轻”的方法论原则——这有利于我们在思考问题时开阔思路,且不再过分陷入一些细微或枝节问题的纠缠中。

This Paper first briefly describes the main points and ground of empiricism, structuralism and realism for supporting or refusing theoretical entities' in science. Then by comparing their methods of proof, we put forward our opinions about this problem from the measure of value. The suggestion is that if we must make a choice from the theories which we do not feel satisfied, we should follow and take such a methodological principle: if both of the two candidates are not the best, just chose the less harmful one. This is a good methodology for our thinking and can avoid endless quibbling over side issues.