科学信仰的两种解释之争——评劳丹与布鲁尔之争

The Debate between the Two Explanations of Scientific Belief --On the Debate between Laudan and Bloor

劳丹与布鲁尔关于科学信仰解释权之争是科学研究(science studies)领域有影响的一场激烈争论。科学哲学的领军人物劳丹断言强纲领没有任何依据,属于伪科学。科学知识社会学的核心人物布鲁尔坚信科学哲学家的理性解释模式是没有说服力的“稻草人”,强纲领才是强有力的纲领。本文聚焦于二者争论的原始文献,将争论置身于科学合理性理论发展的历史脉络之中,通过分析争论涉及的三个关键问题以揭示争论双方的立场和根本分歧。文章最后反思争论的学术价值和意义。

The debate between Laudan and Bloor, in which the explanation right of scientific beliefs are the bone of contention , is the influential vehement debate in the field of science studies. Laudan, the eminent philosopher asserts that strong programme, having no sound basis, belongs to the pseudoscience. On the other side, Bloor, the leading scholar in the sociology of scientific knowledge, believes that the rational explanation is a man of straw, and convicts that the only powerful programme is the strong programme, In this essay, the author will focus on the original documents of the debate , trying to understand the debate in the context of the history of the scientific rationality theory. By means of analyzing three crucial problems involving the debate, it would exhibit the basic standpoints and the fundamental difference of the both sides, speculate the academic importance of the debate.