精神病专科医院工作场所暴力流行病学调查

Prevalence study on workplace violence in the psychiatric hospital

目的 探讨精神病专科医院工作场所暴力的发生情况以及流行病学特点。方法 依据世界卫生组织关于工作场所暴力的定义和标准 ,普查广州市某所大型精神病专科医院所有在职工作人员 ,探讨其调查前 1年内工作场所暴力的发生情况 ,使用SPSS 10 .0对资料进行统计分析。结果 精神病专科医院工作场所暴力发生率为 70 .5 2 % ,90 .82 %的受害者曾反复遭受暴力伤害 ,4 6 .0 1%的受害者同时遭受心理与身体暴力的双重折磨 ;未婚男性工作人员是工作场所暴力的高危人群 ,30～ 39a年龄组护士最容易遭受身体暴力 ;肇事者精神障碍、患者 (或陪人、探视者 )的要求未能得到满足和患者自认病情无好转是工作场所暴力发生的主要危险因素。受访者对工作场所暴力的认知程度较低 ,感到委屈是受害者最常见的心理反应 ,2 4 .2 2 %的受害者请假误工。结论 广州市某所精神病专科医院工作场所暴力高发 ,应构建综合与支持的工作场所暴力防御体系 ,确保精神卫生工作人员的安全。

Objective To study the epidemiological features of workplace violence in the psychiatric hospital. Methods A retrospective study was carried out to look into the prevalence of workplace violence of psychiatric staff, using SPSS 10.0 for Windows, based on the WHO's latest criteria for workplace violence judgement. Results 512 of 726 psychiatric staff (70.52%) had been subjected to workplace violence in the past 12 months preceding the survey, with 46.01% of victims once suffered psychological violence and physical violence and 90.82% suffered workplace violence repeatedly. Unmarried male staff were at the highest risk of workplace violence and psychiatric nurses aged 30～39 were more vulnerable than others. The main risk factors contributing to workplace violence were: psychiatric illness of perpetrators, unsatisfied requirement from patients or their relatives or vistors, and late recovery. The cognizance of workplace violence was poor among psychiatric staff. The commonest psychological reaction of staff victims was sadness and 24.22% of victims involved asked for leave. Conclusions Workplace violence in the psychiatric hospital should be under prevention and control.