苏村的互助——乡村互惠交换体系的人类学分析(上)

The Mutual Aid in Village Su——Anthropological Analysis on the System of Reciprocal Exchange in A Village

有关交换方面的研究自莫斯对礼物馈赠的探讨之后 ,一直为社会文化人类学界所关注。虽然礼物交换在很多书中都有详细的论述 ,但劳力、资金、物品等方面的互惠交换现象却很少被涉及。论文通过对一个农村的互助体系的田野调查 ,阐明了互助行为背后的文化内涵和社会意义。互助是以互惠互利为基本原则 ,以人情和关系为文化基础的社会交换。它既是一种利益交换的工具 ,也是一种表达感情和履行道德义务的方式。互助不仅保障了经济与社会的正常发展 ,而且加深了人们的感情 ,创造。

The study about exchange has been attended all the way by cultural anthropology circles after Marcel Mauss talked about the gift p resenting. Although the exchange of gift has been discussed in detail on many bo oks, there are few literatures talking about the forms of mutual a id exchange in a specific community. By way of investigating the mutual aid in a village, this paper expounds the cultural intension and social significance beh ind mutual aid behaviour. Mutual aid is social exchange that founds on the basic principle of reciprocity and the cultural base of human feelings and relationsh ip. Mutual aid is not only a tool of interest exchange, but also a way to expres s emotion and perform moral duty. Mutual aid ensures not only the normal economi cal production and social life, but also deepens the emotion among people, and c reates, maintains and strengthens the social relations among people.