稳定锂金属阳极的研究进展

Research Progress of Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

锂金属电池由于具有高的理论比容量(3860 mAh·g−1),被认为是下一代高能量密度存储设备的最佳选择之一。然而,锂枝晶生长导致固态电解质界面层不稳定,以及锂金属阳极在循环过程中发生的体积膨胀,由此带来了严重的安全风险和循环性差等问题,阻碍了锂金属电池的进一步商业化应用。通过对锂的不均匀沉积的生长机制进行研究,许多研究者们提出了各式各样的方案,比如设计电解液添加剂、开发固态电解质和设计三维集流体等,在这些方面取得了显著进展。最后,对这些方案的不足和优化进行了讨论。

Lithium metal batteries are considered to be one of the best choices for next-generation high-energy density storage devices due to their extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh·g−1). However, dendrite growth of lithium leads to instability of solid electrolyte interfacial layer and volume expansion of lithium during cycling. As a result, serious safety risks and poor circularity have been brought, which to a large extent hinder the further commercial application of lithium metal batteries. Through the study of the growth mechanism of uneven deposition of lithium, many researchers have proposed various schemes. For example, significant progress has been made in the design of electrolyte additives, the development of solid electrolytes and the design of 3D current collectors, etc. Finally, the shortcomings and optimization of these schemes are discussed.