基于微流控技术的快速PCR方法的研究进展

Research Progress of Rapid PCR Methods Based on Microfluidic Technology

聚合酶链式反应(PCR)是一种在体外实现特定基因片段复制的生物学技术,目前已广泛应用于病原体诊断,基因突变检测,食品科学等领域。然而,传统的PCR热循环仪不仅体积大,而且热转换效率相对较低,一般为4℃/s~6℃/s,导致基因扩增时间相对较长。微流控芯片又称“芯片实验室”,它是将多个不同功能的单元集成在一起以实现样品进样、化学反应及检测等。本文旨在介绍以微流控芯片为基础的自然对流与连续流技术的快速PCR研究方面的进展。Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biological technology to replicate specific gene fragments in vitro, which has been widely used in pathogen diagnosis, gene mutation detection, food science and other fields. However, the traditional PCR thermal cycling instrument is not only large in size, but also relatively low in thermal conversion efficiency. Generally, the temperature variation rate is about 4˚C/s~6˚C/s, resulting in relatively long gene amplification time. Microfluidic chip, also known as “Lab-on-a-Chip”, integrates multiple units with different functions to achieve sample injection, chemical reaction and detection. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the development of natural convection and continuous flow PCR based on microfluidic chips.