小区开放对道路通行的影响

The Influence of Community Opening on Road Passage

针对2016年国务院发布的《关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见》,考虑将已建成的住宅小区逐步开放。在小区开放后形成的丁字交叉口和十字交叉口处,加设信号灯,且相邻交叉口进行动态协调相位控制,从而达到优化路网结构,提高道路通行能力,改善交通状况的目的。基于现有的数据,依据筛选典型指标法,建立相关系数矩阵,从起始六个初定指标中,筛选出车辆时间延误和通行能力作为最佳的评价指标,建立评价指标体系。通过分析小区开放对周边道路的车流量、信号灯周期时长、相位差、绿信比及红、黄、绿灯期间的消散量的影响,建立相邻信号交叉路口控制系统的双目标动态优化模型。以时间延误为主要目标,总消散量为次要目标,基于分层序列法求解该模型。以B类城市的中型小区作为研究对象,建立实际通行能力计算模型。通过建立Greenshields速度–密度关系模型,得到不同路段和不同结构的小区,在开放前后的自由流速度,得知小区开放产生的效果与小区结构、周边道路结构及车流量有关。通过改进车辆通行模型中关于车流量的计算公式,对于各类型小区,定量比较其开放前后的时间延误和通行能力。结果表明,小型小区开放后对周边道路通行有反向作用,而中型和大型小区开放后对周边道路通行有正向作用。二岔口开放式小区比封闭式小区的通行能力提高了1.24%,平均每小时多通行24辆车。采用现实中某小区的参数,对模型进行验证,验证结果与理论值契合,说明模型是切实可行的。最后,将引进仿真模拟对模型进行改进。

In response to the “Several Opinions on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning and Construction” issued by the State Council in 2016, it is considered to gradually open up the completed residential communities. At the T-shaped intersections and cross intersections formed after the opening of the community, signal lights are added, and adjacent intersections are dynamically coordinated and phase controlled, so as to optimize the road network structure, improve road capacity, and improve traffic conditions. Based on the existing data, the correlation coefficient matrix is established according to the screening of typical indicators. From the initial six initial indicators, the vehicle time delay and capacity are selected as the best evaluation indicators, and the evaluation index system is established. By analyzing the influence of community opening on the traffic volume, signal lamp cycle duration, phase difference, green signal ratio, and the amount of dissipation during red, yellow, and green light periods, a dual-objective dynamic optimization model of the adjacent signalized intersection control system is established. Taking time delay as the main objective and total dissipation as the secondary objective, the model is solved based on the layered sequence method. Taking the medium-sized communities in Class B cities as the research objects, the actual capacity calculation model is established. Through the establishment of the Greenshields speed-density relationship model, the free flow speeds of different road sections and different structures are obtained before and after the opening, and it is known that the effect of the opening of the district is related to the structure of the district, the surrounding road structure and the traffic flow. By improving the calculation formula of vehicle flow in the vehicle traffic model, for each type of community, the time delay and traffic capacity before and after opening are quantitatively compared. The results show that the opening of small communities has a negative effect on the surrounding roads, while the medium and large communities have a positive effect on the surrounding roads. The traffic capacity of the Erchakou open community is 1.24% higher than that of the closed community, with an average of 24 more vehicles per hour. Using the parameters of a certain community in reality, the model is verified, and the verification results are consistent with the theoretical values, indicating that the model is feasible.