中青年和老年人的政府养老责任认知比较及其影响因素分析

Comparative Analysis on the Cognition of Government’s Old-Age Insurance Responsibility between the Elderly and the Youth and Middle-Aged and Its Influencing Factors

利用中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS2017),比较中青年和老年人对政府养老责任认知的主观态度,并进行影响因素分析。研究结果表明:老年组比中青年组普遍更加认同政府养老;受教育程度、实际个人收入、自评家庭经济状况、子女数量和婚姻状况对全样本的政府养老责任认知具有显著影响;性别和地区仅对中青年组有显著影响,房产数量仅对老年组有显著影响。提出政府应推动养老保障体系多元化发展,持续弘扬尊老敬老爱老传统美德,扶持其他养老保障主体快速发展;缩小区域差异,稳步提高保障水平;结合养老责任认知和个体因素实现差异化供给。

The paper compares the subjective attitudes of the cognition of government’s old-age insurance responsibility between the elderly and the youth and middle-aged by using Chinese General Social Survey Data (CGSS2017), and analyzes its influencing factors. The result shows that the elderly generally agree with the government’s old-age insurance responsibility than the youth and middle-aged. And the factors including educational level, actual personal income, self-assessment family economic status, number of children and marital status all have significant effects on the whole sample’s cognition of government responsibility for the Aged. Meanwhile, the factors such as gender and region only have significant impacts on the elderly, while the factor like the number of real estate only has significant impacts on the youth and middle-aged. Thus, three proposals have been made as follows: Promoting the diversified development of the old-age security system by continuing to carry forward the traditional virtues of respecting the aged and supporting the rapid development of the other security entities;Narrowing regional differences and improving the level of security with steady steps;Combining the cognition of old-age insurance responsibility and individual factors to achieve differentiated supply.