城镇老年失能与养老居住选择

Urban Elderly Disability and Elderly Living Selection

当前社会人口老龄化进程已加快,失能老年群体也在增加,为响应“积极老龄化”、“健康老龄化”、“高品质生活”等政策,如何精准定位城镇老年群体的养老服务需求,解决养老服务供需平衡问题,这就需要了解真正影响养老居住选择的关键要素。本文运用2018年中国老年健康(CLHLS)数据进行多项无序Logit回归剖析城镇老年人养老居住选择的影响因素,结果显示,随着城镇老年群体失能的增加,独居的养老方式被选择的概率显著减少,而与子女一起居住以及入住机构的方式被选择的概率显著增加。在研究中为进一步分析该群体的养老居住选择,还将家庭支持与失能程度进行交互发现家庭支持存在着显著的调节作用,从而可以在一定程度上减少不必要的投入。因此本文提出,完善居家养老服务,构建友好型家庭,更新升级传统的机构养老服务,提供细致入微的养老服务,合理协调居家养老、社区养老、机构养老的发展,加强对老年群体的预防保健,推动医养结合。这对今后构建更加全面、相互衔接、供需平衡的养老服务体系,提高老年一代的品质生活具有重要价值与意义。

The aging process of the current social population has accelerated, and the disabled elderly popula-tion is also increasing. In response to the policies of “positive aging”, “healthy aging” and “high-quality life”, how to accurately locate the elderly service demand of urban elderly groups and solve the problem of supply and demand balance of pension services, it is necessary to understand the key factors that really affect the choice of elderly living. This paper uses the 2018 China Health for the Elderly (CLHLS) data to conduct a multinomial disordered Logit regression to analyze the in-fluencing factors of residential choice for the elderly in urban areas. The results show that with the increase of disability in urban elderly groups, the probability of living alone is significantly reduced, and the probability of living with children and living in institutions is significantly increased. In the study, in order to further analyze the group’s pension housing choice, the interaction between fam-ily support and disability also found that family support has a significant moderating effect, which can reduce unnecessary investment to some extent. Therefore, this paper proposes to improve home care services, build friendly families, update and upgrade the traditional institutional care services, provide meticulous care services, reasonably coordinate the development of home care, community care and institutional care, strengthen the prevention and health care of the elderly, and promote the combination of medical care and pension. This is of great value and significance to the future construction of a more comprehensive, interconnected, supply-demand balance of the elderly service system, and improve the quality of life of the elderly generation.