美国居民收入不平等的影响因素探究——基于GSS1998数据

Research on the Influencing Factors of Income Inequality of American Residents—Based on GSS1998 Data

20世纪80年代以来美国的收入不平等程度均有上升。本文根据美国综合社会调查GSS1998年数据(GSS1998),运用STATA统计软件的事件史分析,探讨了不同性别、种族劳动者收入回报的差异问题。对20世纪90年代时期美国收入差距成因的分析发现,性别和受教育年限存在交互效应,总体而言,教育回报对于女性的影响比男性大;种族和受教育年限存在交互效应,教育回报对于黑人的影响最大,其次是其他种族,最后是白人。

Income inequality in the United States has risen since the 1980s. Based on the GSS1998 data from the General Social Survey of the United States of America (GSS1998), this paper uses STATA statis-tical software to analyze the history of events, and discusses the difference of income returns of dif-ferent gender and race workers. The analysis of the causes of income gap in the United States in the 1990s shows that there are interaction effects between gender and years of education. In general, the impact of education return on women is greater than that on men. There is an interaction effect between race and years of schooling, with returns to education having the greatest impact on blacks, followed by other races, and finally whites.