一种特定地区植物最优光伏分布规划

An Optimal PV Distribution Plan for Plants in a Specific Area

本文研究了核桃树的栽植方式和最优光照分布。通过分析树木的受光情况,建立了太阳高度角和太阳方位角模型。通过构建锥形树冠模型,近似树冠形状,计算出光照强度和阴影面积。根据每天的太阳高度角,确定了不同时间季节树冠的受光和遮荫情况。使用矩阵来构建林带模型,并使用矩阵网格来排列树木。通过以上步骤,研究了不同条件下核桃树树冠的受光和遮荫情况随时间季节的变化。首先,利用天文学和数学模型,可以用MATLAB编写代码来计算核桃树阴影的高度和方向变化。根据延安的经纬度,可以计算出时角和方位角。然后,根据太阳高度角、太阳方位角和核桃树的平均高度,可以使用影长公式来计算每小时的阴影高度和方向变化。使用阴影面积计算公式来分析每小时的阴影面积变化。其次,不同林带行向间树木树冠的受光和遮阴情况随时间、季节变化复杂。将树冠建模为圆锥形,可以解决相关问题。在太阳方向角一定范围内,树冠受光为圆锥表面的一半。其他角度范围内,受光和遮阴面积取决于树冠的夹角、阳光直射角、树冠高度和形状。再次,在问题三的基础上,根据坡向和坡度,调整太阳高度角,计算影子长度和方向,构建树木排列模型,并根据行列间距和树木的尺寸,计算每个树木在斜坡上的水平和垂直位置,最后将每个树木的受光及遮阴情况组合起来,得到在西北坡度为10˚的陕北黄土高原地形上行列间树木树冠的受光及遮阴情况随时间和季节的变化。最后使用MATLAB建立核桃生长函数模型,考虑日照时数、降水量、土壤肥力、株行距、树冠大小等因素。输入平均日照时数、年均降水量、黄土土壤肥力,探索不同树冠大小和株行距对核桃生长得分的影响,找到最高核桃生长得分。

In this paper, the planting method and the optimal light distribution of walnut trees are studied. The solar altitude Angle and solar azimuth Angle models are established by analyzing the light received by trees. The light intensity and shadow area were calculated by constructing a conical canopy model and approximating the shape of the canopy. According to the sun altitude Angle every day, the light and shade of the tree crown in different seasons were determined. This paper used a matrix to build a forest belt model and used a matrix grid to arrange the trees. Through the above steps, the changes of light and shade of walnut crown with time and season were studied under different conditions. First, using astronomical and mathematical models, it is possible to write code in MATLAB to calculate the height and orientation changes of the walnut tree shadow. According to the latitude and longitude of Yan’an, the hour Angle and the azimuth Angle can be calculated. Then, based on the sun altitude Angle, the sun azimuth Angle, and the average height of the walnut tree, the shadow length formula can be used to calculate the hourly shadow height and direction change. The shadow area calculation formula is used to analyze the shadow area change per hour. Secondly, the light and shade of the tree canopy in different forest belt direction varied with time and season. Modeling the tree crown as a cone shape solves the problem. Within a certain range of the sun direction Angle, the light received by the crown is half that of the cone surface. In other angles, the area of light and shade depends on the Angle of the tree crown, the Angle of direct sunlight, the height and shape of the tree crown. More in-depth, first of all, MATLAB and mathematical formulas were used for mathematical modeling. A rectangular grid was used to build a tree arrangement model and calculate the position of each tree. Second, the light and shade of each tree were calculated over time and season. A function model was defined to calculate the occlusion of each tree. The light and shade conditions of each tree were combined to obtain the changes of the light and shade conditions of the tree canopy with time and season. Thirdly, on the basis of problem 3, this paper adjusted the sun height Angle according to the slope direction and slope, calculated the shadow length and direction, built a tree arrangement model and calculate the horizontal and vertical position of each tree on the slope according to the column spacing and tree size, and finally combined the light and shade of each tree. The changes of light and shade of tree canopy between rows and rows with time and season were obtained on the Loess Plateau with a slope of 10˚ in the northwest of Shaanxi Province. Finally, the growth function model of walnut was established using MATLAB, considering the sunshine hours, precipitation, soil fertility, row spacing, canopy size and other factors. With the input of average sunshine hours, average annual precipitation and loess soil fertility, the effects of different canopy size and row spacing on walnut growth score were explored, and the highest walnut growth score was found.