乳腺癌免疫治疗新进展

New Progress in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy

近年来肿瘤免疫治疗(cancer immunotherapy, CIT)的发展使恶性肿瘤的治疗模式发生转变,尤其是黑色素瘤、肾癌、膀胱癌和肺癌,其显著提高了肿瘤的治疗敏感性,延长患者总生存时间(overall survival, OS)。乳腺癌通常被认为是一种“非炎症性”癌症,因此这种转变在治疗过程中没有那么明显。然而,一些乳腺癌的亚型,尤其是三阴性乳腺癌(Triple negative breast cancer, TNBC),多被认为是“炎症”,因此可能被证明是适合CIT的群体。本文回顾了肿瘤免疫周期理论和免疫抑制点的作用机制,就乳腺癌免疫治疗的研究进展及发现的问题进行综述。

Over the last few years, the developments around cancer immunotherapy (CIT) have led to a pa-radigm shift in the treatment of many different cancers, in particular melanoma, renal, bladder and lung cancers with a remarkable impact on response rate and, most importantly, overall survival. Breast cancer is most commonly considered to be a “non-inflamed” cancer and so this shift has been less marked within its treatment. However, some subsets of breast cancer, most notably triple negative breast cancer, are deemed to be more “inflamed” and therefore may prove to be an appropriate cohort for CIT. This review looks back at the theory of the cancer immunity cycle and mechanism of action behind immune checkpoint inhibitors and goes on to explore their roles in breast cancer, especially triple negative breast cancer.