脑卒中的发病机制及预防管理

The Pathophysiology and Prevention Management of Stroke

脑卒中在全球范围内具有高病发率,很多脑卒中患者忍受其严重的并发症和后遗症。脑卒中包括缺血性卒中(85%)和出血性卒中(15%),以突然发病,迅速出现局限性或弥散性脑功能缺损为共同临床特征,为一组器质性脑损伤导致的脑血管疾病。如果脑缺血时间过长,可能会导致脑组织死亡,引起永久性脑功能损害。心脑血管疾病是危害中老年人身体健康和生命的主要疾病之一。2016年,中国死于动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病(ASCVD,包括缺血性心脏病和缺血性脑卒中)的人数是240万,死亡比例占心血管疾病死亡的61%,发病率和死亡率接近全球的两倍,后遗症包括抑郁症和肢体功能障碍等,本病的高发病率,高死亡率,高致残率给社会、家庭带来沉重负担和痛苦。

The morbidity of stroke is high around the world, and many survivors suffer serious complications and sequelae. There are mainly two kinds of stroke: ischaemic stoke (85%) and hemorrhagic stroke (15%). Stroke attacks to patients in a rapid emergence of localized or diffused brain function defects, and a group of organic brain damage may be caused by cerebrovascular disease. If the time of ischeamia is long, permanent cerebral function damage will be occurred because of the death of brain tissues. Cardiovascular diseases are the major diseases that harm the health of senior citizens. In 2016, the number of people in China who died of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) (including ischaemic stoke and hemorrhagic stroke) is 2.4 million, accounting for 61% of all deaths in cardiovascular disease, almost as 2 times as the average mortality in the world. Post-stroke syndromes include depression and physical impairment. The high incidence rate, high mobility and high morbidity rate bring endless pain to family and society.