HBV相关肝癌的CD8+T细胞抗肿瘤免疫机制研究进展

Research Progress on Anti-Tumor Immune Mechanism of CD8+T Cells in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

乙型肝炎病毒相关的肝细胞癌(HBV-HCC)通常被认为是与暴露于HBV和肿瘤抗原引发的慢性炎症相关的炎症相关的癌症。目前主要的治疗方案包括肝切除、肝移植、局部消融以及索拉菲尼化疗等方案。免疫治疗是一种新的治疗策略,通过增强机体自然免疫反应来治疗HBV-HCC,目前针对PD-1或CTLA-4的检查点阻断疗法已经在HCC患者中显示出初步的疗效。由于CD8+细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLs)的产生在抗肿瘤免疫反应中起着重要作用,所以进一步探索HBV相关肝癌的CD8+T细胞抗肿瘤免疫机制非常必要。由于HBV相关肝癌的CD8+T细胞对HCC的免疫反应主要由病毒载量、肿瘤的抗原性以及癌症组织的微环境之间的平衡决定,本文将从HBV病毒载量、肿瘤抗原性以及肿瘤微环境三方面进行综述。

Hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) is generally considered to be associated with chronic inflammation associated with exposure to HBV and tumor antigens. At present, the main treatment options include hepatectomy, liver transplantation, local ablation and sorafinib chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is a new treatment strategy to treat HBV-HCC, by enhancing the body’s natural immune response. At present, checkpoint blocking therapy for PD-1 or CTLA-4 has shown a preliminary effect in patients with HCC. Since the production of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTLs) plays an important role in anti-tumor immune response, it is necessary to further explore the anti-tumor immune mechanism of CD8+T cells in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Since the immune response of CD8+T cells of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma to HCC is mainly determined by the balance among viral load, tumor antigenicity and cancer tissue microenvironment, this article will review the HBV viral load, tumor antigenicity and tumor microenvironment.