吸烟对妊娠结局及子代健康的影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Effect of Smoking on Pregnancy Outcome and Offspring Health

烟草燃烧会产生多种有毒、有害物质,如尼古丁、焦油等,但烟草燃烧的副产物比尼古丁本身对胎儿造成的损害更大。研究表明,吸烟(包括被动吸烟)可导致多种妊娠不良结局,如:早产、胎盘早剥、死胎、胎儿生长受限等,并为子代出生后罹患各种疾病埋下伏笔。这些吸烟导致的胎源性疾病均有一个共同点:它们是永久性的,对于许多疾病,目前只能采用对症治疗。本文将重点探讨吸烟导致的不良妊娠结局和对子代健康的不良影响的研究进展,以期引起人们的重视,减少吸烟带来的不良影响。

Tobacco combustion produces many toxic and harmful substances such as nicotine and tar, but the by-products of tobacco combustion are more damaging to the foetus than nicotine itself. Studies have shown that smoking (including passive smoking) can lead to a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, placental abruption, stillbirth and fetal growth restriction, and can set the stage for a variety of diseases in the offspring after birth. These smoking-related fetal diseases all have one thing in common: they are permanent, for many of them, only symptomatic treatment is currently available. This article will focus on the advances in research on the adverse pregnancy outcomes and adverse effects of smoking on the health of the offspring, with a view to raising awareness and reducing the adverse effects of smoking.