生活方式及饮食对结直肠癌患者病情影响的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis of Lifestyle and Diet on the Disease of Colorectal Cancer Patients

结直肠癌(Colorectal cancer, CRC)的发病率随着年龄和饮食以及生活方式的改变而发生变化,在过去的移民研究和近些年的广泛流行病学证据都证明了这一点。CRC发病率的全球特异性强烈暗示了环境暴露的病因学参与,特别是人们的生活方式和饮食。已确定缺乏运动、肥胖和一些饮食因素(红肉/加工肉类)与CRC呈正相关,而健康的生活方式(积极运动、多食蔬菜)则呈负相关。相关研究证据表明,导致能量过剩的生活方式和饮食成分通过代谢功能障碍、炎症、氧化应激、细菌失调和肠道屏障完整性破坏与CRC增加有关,而与风险降低相关的成分则明显相反。本文将回顾有关生活方式和饮食因素在CRC病因学中的现有证据及其在CRC发展中的潜在机制。

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence changes with time and by variations in diet and lifestyle, as evidenced historically by migrant studies and recently by extensive epidemiologic evidence. The worldwide heterogeneity in CRC incidence is strongly suggestive of etiological involvement of environmental exposures, particularly lifestyle and diet. It is established that physical inactivity, obesity and some dietary factors (red/processed meats) are positively associated with CRC, while healthy lifestyle habits show inverse associations. Mechanistic evidence shows that lifestyle and dietary components that contribute to energy excess are linked with increased CRC via metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, bacterial dysbiosis and breakdown of gut barrier integrity while the reverse is apparent for components associated with decreased risk. This chapter will review the available evidence on lifestyle and dietary factors in CRC etiology and their underlying mechanisms in CRC development.