外泌体在感染性疾病中的研究进展

Research Advance of Exosome in Infectious Diseases

外泌体是由体内多种细胞排出并在体液中循环的纳米级胞外囊泡,能携带蛋白、脂质和各种RNA分子,在细胞间信号传递、凝血、炎症和细胞内稳态等多种生物学过程中发挥着重要作用,从而影响感染性疾病的发生发展。近年来研究表明,外泌体可能被用作感染性疾病的生物标志物,具有预防感染的可能性。也有越来越多的研究利用外泌体的载货运输能力来运送抗生素等治疗药物。本文就外泌体与细菌、病毒等感染性疾病发生发展机制的关系以及在感染性疾病诊断和治疗中的价值作一综述。

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles excreted by a variety of cells in the body and circulating in body fluids, which can carry proteins, lipids and various RNA molecules, and play an important role in a variety of biological processes such as intercellular signal transmission, blood coagulation, inflammation and intracellular homeostasis, thus affecting the occurrence and development of infectious diseases. In recent years, studies have shown that exosomes may be used as biomarkers of infectious diseases, with the possibility of preventing infection. There are also more and more studies using the cargo transport capacity of exosomes to transport therapeutic drugs such as antibiotics. This article reviews the relationship between exosome and the mechanism of occurrence and development of infectious diseases such as bacteria and viruses, as well as its value in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.