肠道菌群失调与肝硬化的关系

The Relationship between Intestinal Dysbacteriosis and Liver Cirrhosis

肝硬化是各种病因导致的慢性肝病的终末阶段,常并发上消化道出血、肝性脑病、感染等多种严重并发症而导致死亡。随着肠道菌群的研究不断增多,我们发现肝硬化患者存在显著的肠道菌群失调,这种变化与肝硬化及其并发症的发生发展相关。本文旨在介绍肝硬化患者肠道菌群的特点,分析肠道菌群失调参与肠屏障受损的机制,指出肠源性病原体移位与宿主免疫应答引发肝脏损伤的原理,简述肠道菌群失调致胆汁酸、丁酸盐代谢紊乱对肝硬化的影响。最后,我们总结了目前以肠道菌群为导向的研究进展和存在的问题,为肝硬化及其并发症的防治提供了新的思路。

Liver cirrhosis is the final stage of chronic liver disease of various causes. This disease is often complicated by severe complications such as upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, and secondary infection, leading to death. With the increasing number of studies on the intestinal flora, we found a significant intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with liver cirrhosis, associated with the emergence and development of liver cirrhosis and its complications. This paper aims to introduce the characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with liver cirrhosis. We also analyzed the mechanism of intestinal dysbacteriosis involved in intestinal barrier damage. Furthermore, we pointed out the principle of liver injury caused by translocation of intestinal pathogens and host immune response and briefly described the effect of metabolic disorder of bile acid and butyrate caused by the imbalance of intestinal flora on liver cirrhosis. Finally, we reviewed intestinal microbiota-based treatment options and existing problems currently being studied, which can provide new thinking for preventing and treating liver cirrhosis and its complications.