自身免疫性肝炎的研究进展

Research Progress of Autoimmune Hepatitis

自身免疫性肝炎(Autoimmune hepatitis, AIH)是一种病因不明、由免疫介导的、累及肝实质的慢性进行性肝脏炎症性疾病,以高球蛋白血症、自身抗体阳性及组织学上有界面肝炎为主要特征。女性好发,女性与男性比例为4:1。近年来,全球自身免疫性肝炎(Autoimmune hepatitis, AIH)的发病率及患病率均呈上升趋势。而在早期,自身免疫性肝炎(Autoimmune hepatitis, AIH)没有明显临床症状,某些严重病例可快速进展为肝硬化和肝衰竭。随着人们对该病的重视以及检验技术的提高,关于自身免疫性肝炎(Autoimmune hepatitis, AIH)的研究也取得了一定的进展。本文就AIH (Autoimmune hepatitis)的流行病学、病因、发病机制及血清学标志物几个方面进行综述,以期对临床医师有所帮助。

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic progressive liver inflammatory disease with unknown etiology, immune-mediated and liver parenchyma involved. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, positive autoantibodies and histological interface hepatitis. AIH has a higher morbidity in female, with a sex ratio (female/male) of 4.0. In recent years, the global incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis are on the rise. In the early stage, AIH has no obvious clinical symptoms, and some severe cases could rapidly progress to liver cirrhosis and liver failure. With people’s attention to the disease and the improvement of detection technology, the research on AIH has also made some progress. This article reviews the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and serological markers of AIH in order to help clinicians.