妊娠期糖尿病对新生儿不良临床结局影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Influence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Neonates

妊娠期糖尿病(Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, GDM)是妊娠期最常见的并发症之一,且发病率呈逐年上升趋势。GDM母亲的新生儿受到宫内高血糖及胎儿高胰岛素血症的影响,容易出现巨大儿、新生儿低血糖、新生儿高胆红素血症、早产、先天畸形、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征等并发症,远期可能出现肥胖,相关并发症的严重程度与母亲血糖水平密切相关。本文就GDM母亲新生儿不良临床结局做一综述,旨在提高对妊娠期糖尿病母亲新生儿的全面认识。

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications during pregnancy and its incidence is increasing year by year. Affected by intrauterine hyperglycemia and fetal hyperinsulinemia, infants of GDM mothers are prone to many complications, such as macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, premature birth, congenital malformation, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and may develop obesity in the long term. The severity of related complications is strongly associated with maternal blood glucose levels. This review addresses the currently available knowledge on the influence of diabetes in pregnancy on the offspring in order to improve the comprehensive understanding of the infants born to mothers with GDM.