小细胞肺癌的靶向与免疫治疗相关研究

Research on Targeting and Immunotherapy of Small Cell Lung Cancer

小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer, SCLC)是一类具有内分泌功能的高度恶性肿瘤,主要表现为生长分数高、倍增时间短,五年生存率较低,其一线化疗方案多年无明显变化,主要为铂类联合依托泊苷,且易产生耐药和复发,因此,小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗和免疫治疗进展成为研究新热点。免疫治疗主要集中于免疫检查点抑制剂、P53肿瘤疫苗及IFN,其中免疫检查点抑制剂治疗SCLC最有发展前景。靶向治疗药物主要有DDR通路抑制剂、Aurora激酶抑制剂、抗血管生成药物、抗体–药物偶联物、抗凋亡蛋白抑制剂以及RNA聚合酶II抑制剂等临床试验正在进行中。本文将SCLC的靶向与免疫治疗目前研究状况综述如下,为SCLC的治疗提供新思路。

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a kind of malignant tumor with endocrine function, which is mainly characterized by high growth fraction, short doubling time, low five-year survival rate, and its first-line chemotherapy regimen has not changed significantly for many years. It is mainly platinum combined with etoposide, and is prone to drug resistance and recurrence. Therefore, the progress of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for small cell lung cancer has become a new research hotspot. Immunotherapy mainly focuses on immune checkpoint inhibitors, P53 tumor vaccines and IFNs, among which immune checkpoint inhibitors have the most promising development prospects for SCLC. Targeted therapeutic drugs mainly include DDR pathway inhibitors, Aurora kinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic drugs, anti-body drug conjugates, anti-apoptotic protein inhibitors, RNA polymer-ase inhibitors and other clinical trials are in progress. In this paper, the current research status of SCLC targeting and immunotherapy is summarized as follows, which provides new ideas for the treatment of SCLC.