II型糖尿病大血管病变防治新靶点的研究进展

Research Progress of New Targets for Prevention and Treatment of Type II Diabetic Macrovascular Disease

背景:慢性病的发病率高、危险性大,是全球性公共健康首要问题。糖尿病宛如“慢性癌症”,是由饮食、环境、药物、遗传等因素导致的,体内胰岛素分泌相对或者绝对不足而出现的血糖代谢紊乱。常见以II型糖尿病为主,并发症可导致患者心肌梗塞、脑溢血、失明、肾功能衰竭和下肢截肢等严重后果,是影响人类健康和寿命的主要危险因素。目的:总结II型糖尿病大血管病变发病生物标志物的研究进展,以期为II型糖尿病大血管病变及其所引起的心脑血管疾病的防治提供新靶点。方法:以“macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus,pathogenesis”为英文检索词,以“II型糖尿病并发大血管病变,发病机制”为中文检索词,应用计算机检索PubMed、Medline、中国知网和万方数据库发表的相关文献,最终纳入文献59篇进行归纳分析。结果与结论:II型糖尿病大血管病变是由多种因素共同作用导致的复杂疾病。近年来,大量实验室和临床研究表明,其发生发展主要与非编码RNA、外泌体、炎性小体、活化T细胞核因子、骨形态发生蛋白等生物标志物有关,上述生物标志物有望成为II型糖尿病大血管病变新靶点。

Background: Chronic diseases are a major global public health problem due to their high incidence and high risk. Diabetes, like “chronic cancer”, is caused by diet, environment, drugs, genetics and other factors, and the relative or absolute insufficiency of insulin secretion in the body leads to the disorder of blood glucose metabolism. Type II diabetes is the most common type. Its complications can lead to myocardial infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, blindness, renal failure and lower limb amputation and other serious consequences. It is a major risk factor affecting human health and life span. Objective: In order to provide new targets for the prevention and treatment of type II diabetic macroangiopaemia and its cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the research progress of type II diabetic macroangiopaemia biomarkers was summarized. Methods: Using the search terms of “macrovascular disease in type II diabetes mellitus, pathogenesis” in Chinese and English. Relevant literatures published by PubMed, Medline, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched by computer, and 59 literatures were finally included for induction and analysis. Results and Conclu-sion: Type II diabetic macrovascular disease is a complex disease caused by many factors. In recent years, a large number of laboratory and clinical studies have shown that its occurrence and devel-opment are mainly related to non-coding RNA, exosome, inflammasome, activated T nuclear factor, bone morphogenetic protein and other biomarkers, which are expected to become new targets of type II diabetic macrovascular disease.