注意缺陷多动障碍发病机制及治疗进展

Progress in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)是儿童期最常见的神经系统发育障碍之一,注意力不集中、多动、冲动等为其核心症状。ADHD给患者自身、家庭和社会造成许多不利影响。近年来,儿童ADHD发病率有上升趋势,但其发病机制尚未完全阐明,该文将从神经生物学基础以及神经生化机制异常两方面阐述儿童ADHD发病机制。另外本文也将对ADHD治疗方面包括非药物治疗和药物治疗的进行展开介绍,以期为以后的相关研究提供参考。

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurological devel-opmental disorders in childhood. Its core symptoms are inattention, hyperactivity and impul-sivity. ADHD causes many adverse effects to patients themselves, families and society. In recent years, the incidence rate of ADHD in children has a rising trend, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. This article will elaborate the pathogenesis of ADHD in children from the aspects of neurobiological basis and abnormal neurobiochemical mechanism. In addition, this article will also introduce the treatment of ADHD, including non-drug treatment and drug treatment, with a view to providing reference for future related research.