预防骨科大手术后患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的护理进展综述

Nursing Progress Review on Prevention of Patients’ Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis after Major Orthopaedic Surgery

下肢深静脉血栓(lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, LDVT)是术后长期制动患者一种常见的并发症,尤其对于髋、膝关节置换这种骨科大手术后的患者来说,DVT发生率明显增高,若治疗不及时,可导致静脉血栓栓塞症(Venous thromboembolism, VTE),是DVT和肺栓塞(pulmonary thromboembolism, PTE)的总称,严重者可致肺动脉血栓栓塞,也是骨科大手术后患者死亡的主要原因;且深静脉血栓的发生伴随着患者医疗费用的增加,医疗资源的占用,住院时间的延长,患者疼痛的增加、情绪的改变,护理难度的上升等一系列问题,因此预防下肢深静脉血栓的发生尤为必要。本文将通过对下肢深静脉血栓的预防措施进行综述,从而减少骨科术后患者LDVT的发生率,减轻患者的经济负担,提高护理满意度,为临床护理骨科大手术后患者提供依据。

Lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LDVT) is a common complication of patients with long-term immobilization after surgery. Especially for patients with major orthopaedic surgery such as hip and knee replacement, the incidence of DVT is significantly increased. If the treatment is not timely, it may lead to venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is the general term of DVT and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Severe cases may lead to pulmonary thromboembolism, which is also the main cause of death after orthopaedic surgery. Moreover, the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis is accompanied by a series of problems such as the increase of medical expenses, the occupation of medical resources, the extension of hospital stay, the increase of pain, the change of mood, and the increase of nursing difficulty. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to prevent the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs. This article will review the prevention measures of deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs, so as to reduce the incidence of LDVT in patients after orthopae-dic surgery, reduce the economic burden of patients, improve nursing satisfaction, and provide ba-sis for clinical nursing of patients after major orthopaedic surgery.