干细胞衍生外泌体:再生医学的治疗新策略

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A New Therapeutic Strategy in Regenerative Medicine

外泌体源自内吞膜,是纳米级的囊泡,含有核酸、蛋白质、脂质等生物分子,是原核生物和真核生物中细胞间通讯的有效载体,参与了多种病理生理过程的调节。当前研究发现,干细胞来源的外泌体具有促进细胞增殖、迁移、免疫调节等多种功能,可作为无细胞治疗剂应用于再生医学领域,包括急慢性肾损伤、缺血–再灌注损伤,肝脏、皮肤、角膜损伤等。本综述主要聚焦外泌体的促增殖作用,概述其未来可能的应用方向。

Exosomes (EXOs), derived from endocytic membranes, are nanoscale vesicles containing biomol-ecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. They work as effective carriers of intercellular communication in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and play significant roles in the regulation of both physiological and pathological processes. Current studies suggest that stem cell-derived exosomes can promote cell proliferation, migration and immune regulation. They can be utilized as cell-free therapeutic agents in the field of regenerative medicine, including acute/chronic renal injury, ischemia reperfusion injury, liver regeneration, skin regeneration, corneal regeneration. This review focuses on the ability of exosomes in promoting cell proliferation and summarizes their possible future application directions.