特异性免疫治疗在儿童哮喘中的应用

Application of Specific Immunotherapy in Childhood Asthma

关于哮喘的治疗,在过去的数十年中,吸入或口服药物治疗取得了突飞猛进的成果,但其作用局限于抗炎及控制症状方面(对症治疗)。而过敏原特异性免疫治疗(AIT)作为“对因治疗”,世界卫生组织(WHO)称其为“唯一”可阻断或逆转过敏性疾病自然进程的疗法。在既往的一些临床研究表明,AIT具有控制症状、减少药物使用,且能降低气道高反应性的作用。在AIT治疗期间可以观察到各种免疫指标的变化,但对于其变化的具体机制及意义尚不清楚。故本篇综述基于近些年的临床研究,从临床方面来总结归纳AIT治疗哮喘的有效性和安全性。

Inhalation or oral medications have made rapid progress in asthma treatment over the past dec-ades, but their effects are limited to anti-inflammatory and symptom control. And allergen immu-notherapy (AIT) as a “cause of treatment”, WHO called it “only” can block or reverse the natural process of allergic diseases. Some clinical studies have shown that AIT can control symptoms, re-duce drug use and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness. A variety of immune indicators can be ob-served during AIT treatment, but the specific mechanism of changes has not been fully understood. Therefore, this review summarizes the efficacy and safety of AIT in the treatment of asthma from clinical aspects based on clinical studies in recent years.