脂蛋白a在心血管疾病中的研究进展

Research Progress of Lipoprotein a in Cardiovascular Disease

脂蛋白a [Lipoprotein a, Lp(a)]的结构与低密度脂蛋白类似,但其除了含载脂蛋白B-100以外,还含有一种糖蛋白载脂蛋白a与载脂蛋白B-100相连。流行病学、基因组学研究发现脂蛋白a升高与动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, ASCVD)和主动脉瓣钙化发生具有因果关系。强化降脂治疗下,动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病事件风险得到明显减低,但近年研究发现脂蛋白a升高已成为动脉粥样硬化性心血管事件的残余风险。因此现就脂蛋白a结构和其在心血管疾病发展中作用机制以及相关降低脂蛋白a治疗方法研究进展进行综述。

The structure of Lipoprotein a [Lp(a)] is similar to LDL, although it contains a kind of glycoprotein apolipoprotein a, which is attached to the apolipoprotein B-100, despite of apolipoprotein B-100. Epidemiological, genetic data indicate that Lp(a) is the cause for atherosclerotic cardiovascular dis-eases as well as calcification of the aortic valves. Though the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk has been reduced as the result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy, the high level of Lp(a) has been the residual risk of ASCVD. Thus this review aims to outline the structure of Lp(a), its mechanism of the development of cardiovascular disease and the progress of therapies of lowering Lp(a).