基于胸部CT对吸烟者肺结构变化的研究综述

A Review of Study on Lung Structural Changes in Smokers Based on Chest CT

吸烟会对全身系统带来不良影响,尤其呼吸道危害最大,吸烟最早的损害是轻度的呼吸性细支气管炎,CT可以早期通过视觉评估肺损伤,HRCT的征象表现与病理结果关系密切,呼气相CT扫描可以反映小气道病变。定量CT的发展使得吸烟者肺部改变更加具体、量化,双呼吸相CT扫描获得的多个肺气肿空气潴留及肺血管CT定量指标为吸烟肺结构变化提供了工具,定量CT指标与肺功能有较好相关性且更敏感反映肺功能变化,定量计算机断层扫描(QCT)可用于评估不同的COPD表型及量化其特征。

Smoking has adverse effects on the whole body system, especially the respiratory tract. The earliest damage of smoking is mild respiratory bronchiolitis. CT can evaluate lung injury early through vi-sion. HRCT signs are closely related to pathological results. Expiratory CT scan can reflect small air-way lesions. The development of quantitative CT makes the lung changes of smokers more specific and quantitative. Multiple emphysema air trappping and pulmonary vascular CT quantitative in-dexes obtained by dual respiratory phase CT scan provide tools for the changes of smoking lung structure. Quantitative CT indexes have a good correlation with lung function and are more sensi-tive to reflect the changes of lung function. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) can be used to evaluate different COPD phenotypes and quantify their characteristics.