免疫调节在支气管扩张症发病机制中的研究进展

Research Progress of Immune Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Bronchiectasis

支气管扩张症是由各种疾病引起反复发生的化脓性感染,导致中小气管反复损伤和/或阻塞,致使支气管壁结构破坏,引起支气管异常和持续性扩张。支气管扩张症的病因诸多,这些因素都直接或间接损害了宿主防御能力,反复性细菌感染和炎症反应失调导致了进行性肺损伤。其中炎症反应在肺部产生的蛋白酶会损害气道并导致病理性扩张,是整个宿主防御受损的关键,并与机体免疫功能存在关联,以免疫损害、免疫炎性反应等形式对机体产生侵害。本文着重讨论了支气管扩张症发病机制中的免疫学因素及相关免疫反应,为进一步研究提供理论依据。

Bronchiectasis is a recurrent suppurative infection caused by various diseases, resulting in repeat-ed injury and/or obstruction of small and medium-sized trachea, resulting in the destruction of bronchial wall structure, causing bronchial abnormalities and persistent dilation. There are many causes of bronchiectasis. These factors directly or indirectly damage the host’s defense ability. Re-peated bacterial infection and inflammatory reaction disorder lead to progressive lung injury. Among them, the protease produced by inflammatory reaction in the lung will damage the airway and cause pathological expansion, which is the key to the damage of the whole host’s defense, and is associated with the body’s immune function, which will harm the body in the form of immune dam-age, immune inflammatory reaction, etc. This article focuses on the immunological factors and re-lated immune reactions in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis, providing theoretical basis for fur-ther research.