胆管癌危险因素研究进展

Research Progress on Risk Factors of Cholangiocarcinoma

胆管癌是一种来源于肝内或肝外胆管上皮的恶性肿瘤,通常其在早期阶段基本没有症状,如果不做肝脏影像学检查,很难得到早期诊断。临床上诊断的基本都到了疾病晚期,失去手术机会,基本不能进行根治性手术,其预后极差。除了一些患有原发性硬化性胆管炎、肝吸虫感染、先天性胆道畸形等,实际上大多数没有明确的危险因素,需进一步了解胆管癌的流行病学和危险因素,以期早期发现,从而改善临床治疗的效果。就目前的研究现状,有相应危险因素的患者,定期肝脏影像学检查可能是早期发现胆管癌最有效的方法。

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor arising from intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct epi-thelium. Due to absence of early-stage symptoms, it often remains undiagnosed until advanced stages of disease without liver imaging scan, which limits opportunities for successful radical sur-gery. Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with poor prognosis. Although some risk factors are accept-ed, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, clonorchiasis, and congenital biliary malformation, most patients with cholangiocarcinoma do not have clear risk factors, further study on the epidemiology and risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma is needed in order to improve the clinical treatment effect. According to the present study, regular liver imaging scan may be the most effective method for early detection of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with corresponding risk factors.