不同麻醉方式对高海拔地区老年下肢骨科手术患者术后并发症的影响

Effects of Different Anesthesia Methods on Postoperative Complications in Elderly Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery at High Altitudes

老年(≥60岁)患者因行动不便,易发生骨折。因各种脏器功能和内环境稳定性的减退,多数属于高危患者,术后并发症发生率较高,主要是贫血、低蛋白血症、低钾血症、肺部感染等。对于老年患者行骨科手术,可采用不同的麻醉方法。年龄并不是手术和麻醉的禁忌证,但是由于自身并存的疾病,衰老过程中发生器官生理构造、功能改变的影响,老年患者围术期的并发症发生率及死亡率显著地高于青壮年。本文旨在三种麻醉方式对老年下肢骨科手术患者术后并发症的影响作一综述,为此类患者的麻醉选择提供一定的参考。

Elderly (≥60 years old) patients are prone to fractures due to mobility difficulties. Due to the de-cline of various organ functions and internal environmental stability, most of them are high-risk pa-tients, and the incidence of postoperative complications is high, mainly anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypokalemia, lung infection, etc. For orthopedic surgery in older patients, different methods of an-esthesia can be used. Age is not a contraindication to surgery and anesthesia, but due to its own co-existing diseases, the physiological structure and function of organs occur in the aging process, and the perioperative complication rate and mortality rate of elderly patients are significantly higher than those in young adults. This article aims to review the effects of the three anesthesia methods on postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery of lower extrem-ities, and provide a certain reference for the choice of anesthesia in such patients.