气管支气管结核CT表现:现况与挑战

CT Findings of Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis: Current Status and Challenges

气管支气管结核(TBTB)指发生在气管支气管黏膜、黏膜下层、平滑肌、软骨以及外膜的结核病,主要表现为气管或支气管壁不规则增厚、管腔狭窄或阻塞,以及狭窄支气管远端肺组织出现继发性不张或实变、支气管扩张及其他部位支气管播散病灶等。CT作为支气管结核的检查方法,在结核患者诊治过程中发挥着积极的作用,本文梳理总结了气管支气管结核的CT表现,通过肺叶分类法、支气管段分类法、累积部位分类法总结出气管支气管结核的好发部位,为该病的诊疗提供参考。

Tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) refers to tuberculosis occurring in tracheobronchial mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle, cartilage, and outer membrane. The main manifestations are irregular thickening of tracheobronchial wall, lumen stenosis or obstruction, secondary ataxia or compact-ness of lung tissue at the distal end of the narrow bronchus, bronchiectasis, and bronchial spreading lesions at other parts. CT, as an examination method for bronchial tuberculosis, plays a positive role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with tuberculosis. This paper summarized the CT mani-festations of bronchial tuberculosis, and summarized the common sites of bronchial tuberculosis through the classification of lung lobes, bronchial segments and cumulative sites, providing refer-ences for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.