免疫检查点抑制剂治疗黑色素瘤患者的疗效

Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Treating Patients with Melanoma

黑色素瘤是一种起源于黑色素细胞的恶性肿瘤,它是仅次于基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌的第三大常见皮肤恶性肿瘤,也是最具侵袭性的皮肤癌,易发生转移而具有较高的致死率。晚期黑色素瘤在历史上一直是一种难以治疗的疾病,因为系统性的治疗方案很少。然而,在过去的几年里,科学的进步导致了新型治疗方法的批准,改变了晚期黑色素瘤的一线管理,其中免疫检查点抑制可以说在黑色素瘤肿瘤学领域和其他领域产生了最大的兴奋。细胞毒性t淋巴细胞相关蛋白4 (CTLA-4)和程序性死亡受体(PD-1)是一种免疫检查点分子,是公认的抗体的靶点,是治疗恶性黑色素瘤的免疫疗法,其功能是控制免疫反应的起始、持续时间和幅度。靶向CTLA-4和PD-1的ICIs已经彻底改变了晚期黑色素瘤和许多其他恶性肿瘤的管理。本文对免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)治疗恶性黑色素瘤的疗效进行综述。

Melanoma is a malignant tumor that originates from melanocytes. It is the third most common skin malignancy after basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and is also the most aggressive skin cancer with a high lethality rate due to its tendency to metastasize. Advanced melanoma has historically been a difficult disease to treat because there are few systemic treatment options. However, in the past few years, scientific advances have led to the approval of novel therapeutic ap-proaches that have transformed the first-line management of advanced melanoma, with immune checkpoint inhibition arguably generating the most excitement in the field of melanoma oncology and beyond. Cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death receptor (PD-1) are immune checkpoint molecules that are recognized targets of antibodies and immuno-therapies for the treatment of malignant melanoma, which function to control the initiation, dura-tion and magnitude of the immune response. ICIs targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 have revolutionized the management of advanced melanoma and many other malignancies. This article reviews the ef-ficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of malignant melanoma.