支气管哮喘的非药物治疗:当前知识与未来视角

Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Bronchial Asthma: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

支气管哮喘是最常见的慢性炎症性气道疾病之一,呈反复发作的喘息、气急、胸闷及咳嗽,全世界有超过3.3亿人患有哮喘,每年导致全球约25万人死亡,全球疾病负担(GBD)研究显示,虽然一些国家的哮喘相关住院和死亡人数有所下降,但在过去30年中,全球因急性加重和日常症状而承受的负担增加了近20%。糖皮质激素是哮喘药物治疗的基石,尽管进行了有效的药物治疗,支气管哮喘仍继续损害大多数患者的生活质量。因此,非药物治疗如呼吸训练及支气管热成形术等治疗方法逐渐成为了支气管哮喘药物治疗的有效补充及部分替代。本文就支气管哮喘的非药物治疗方法做一综述。

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic inflammatory airway diseases, characterized by recurrent wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness and coughing. More than 330 million people worldwide suffer from asthma, which causes about 250,000 deaths annually. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study shows that, although the number of asthma-related hospitalizations and deaths has declined in some countries, the burden of acute exacerbations and daily symptoms has increased by nearly 20% globally in the past 30 years. Glucocorticoids are the cornerstone of asth-ma drug therapy, but bronchial asthma continues to impair the quality of life of most patients de-spite effective drug treatment. Therefore, non-drug treatments such as breathing training and bronchial thermoplasty have gradually become effective supplements and partial alternatives to bronchial asthma drug therapy. This article reviews the non-drug treatment methods for bronchial asthma.