椎管内肿瘤的诊断和手术治疗方式及其术后影响

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment Methods of Intraspinal Tumors and Their Postoperative Impact

椎管内肿瘤(Intraspinal tumors)是一种较为常见的中枢神经系统病变,目前手术切除肿瘤是治疗椎管内肿瘤的“金标准”,手术方法以传统的开放性椎板切除术为代表,但传统手术方式对脊椎稳定性破坏大,易引起术后脊柱不稳定等并发症,而且髓内肿瘤切除术导致一种或多种并发症的风险是髓外肿瘤的两倍,神经系统并发症的风险增加近四倍,从而形成了在此技术上改进来的椎板回植和半椎板切除术。三种术式都已被证明可以改善一般健康、生活质量、疼痛和生存率,但术后对患者影响仍然差异显著,本文对三种术式及对患者术后影响进行综述,为临床对椎管内肿瘤术式的选择提供参考。

The intraspinal tumor is a kind of more common central nervous system lesions. At present, surgi-cal resection of tumors is the “gold standard” for the treatment of spinal canal tumors. The surgical methods are represented by traditional open laminectomy, but traditional surgical methods can greatly damage the stability of the spine and easily cause postoperative complications such as spi-nal instability. Moreover, the risk of one or more complications caused by intramedullary tumor resection is twice that of extramedullary tumors, and the risk of neurological complications in-creases by nearly four times. Thus, improved laminoplasty and hemilaminectomy were formed based on this technology. All three surgical methods have been proven to improve general health, quality of life, pain, and survival rate, but the postoperative impact on patients still varies signifi-cantly. This article reviews the three surgical methods and their postoperative impact on patients, providing reference for clinical selection of surgical methods for intraspinal tumors.