中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在呼吸系统炎性疾病中的作用

Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Net in Respiratory Inflammatory Diseases

中性粒细胞被称为先天免疫系统的第一反应细胞,参与感染或者损伤期间的初始早期宿主防御反应。中性粒细胞能够释放“中性粒细胞胞外陷阱”(neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs)参与防御反应,NETs是一种由脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyriboNucleic Acid, DNA)修饰的组蛋白和细胞毒性肽/蛋白质组成的胞外无膜纤维网状结构,其形成途径可分为氮氧化物(nitrogen Oxide, NOX)依赖性NETs形成及氮氧化物非依赖性NETs形成两大类。NETs是把“双刃剑”,除具有抗菌作用外,但过量聚集也会给细胞或组织造成损伤并影响呼吸系统疾病的最终转归。NETs参与慢性阻塞性肺疾病、哮喘、肺囊性纤维化、急性肺损伤等多种以气道炎症为主要特征的呼吸系统疾病过程。抑制NETs表达有助于缓解呼吸系统炎性疾病,为临床防治提供新的靶点和方法。

Neutrophils are called the first reaction cells of innate immune system, and participate in the initial early host defense response during infection or injury. Neutrophils can release “neutrophil extra-cellular traps” (NETs) to participate in defense reaction. NETs are an extracellular membraneless fibrous network composed of deoxyriboNucleic Acid (DNA)-modified histone and cytotoxic pep-tide/protein. Its formation pathways can be divided into two categories: nitrogen Oxide (NOX)-dependent NETs formation and nitrogen oxide-independent NETs formation. NETs are a “double-edged sword”, which has antibacterial effect, but excessive aggregation will also cause damage to cells or tissues and affect the final outcome of respiratory diseases. NETs are involved in many respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary cystic fibrosis and acute lung injury, which are characterized by airway inflammation. Inhibiting the expression of NETs is helpful in alleviating respiratory inflammatory diseases and provides new targets and methods for clinical prevention and treatment.