PD-1/PD-L1信号通路在食管鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展

Research Progress of PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling Pathway in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

程序性细胞死亡-1 (PD-1)和程序性死亡配体1 (PD-L1)是维持免疫稳态的重要蛋白,在生理情况下,PD-1/PD-L1信号通路介导且参与外周自身耐受性的维持和自身免疫性疾病的预防,在肿瘤微环境(TME)中,肿瘤细胞可以通过在细胞表面表达PD-L1并与PD-1受体阳性的免疫效应细胞结合,使PD-L1表达水平向上调节,致肿瘤细胞能够躲避被免疫识别与攻击。PD-1/PD-L1信号通路抑制剂可以特异性阻断PD-1与PD-L1之间结合,激活T细胞活性,对肿瘤细胞产生杀伤力。本文的目的是阐述PD-1/PD-L1信号通路在食管鳞状细胞癌中的研究成果及临床意义,回顾现有的临床证据,为食管鳞状细胞癌的治疗提供最新知识。

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are important proteins in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Under physiological conditions, PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway mediates and participates in the maintenance of peripheral autotolerance and the pre-vention of autoimmune diseases. Tumor cells can express PD-L1 on the cell surface and bind to PD-1 receptor-positive immune effector cells, so that the expression level of PD-L1 can be adjusted up-ward, so that tumor cells can avoid immune recognition and attack. PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway inhibitors can specifically block the binding between PD-1 and PD-L1, activate T cell activity, and cause damage to tumor cells. The purpose of this paper is to expound the research results and clin-ical significance of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and re-view the existing clinical evidence, to provide the latest knowledge in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.