腔镜甲状腺手术现状与发展

The Status and Development of Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery

甲状腺疾病在世界范围内具有较高的患病率。传统开放手术一直是治疗甲状腺疾病的主要方法,但其存在着一些缺点,如较大的切口和组织损伤,可能引起疤痕、术后疼痛和恢复时间长等问题。腔镜甲状腺手术的出现为患者提供了一种微创的选择,但其是否能在临床上达到与传统开放手术相媲美的疗效仍存在争议。随着生活条件的发展,人们对美观要求的提高,腔镜技术也日益成熟,腔镜甲状腺切除术发展迅速,传统开放式甲状腺切除术造成的颈部瘢痕大且不美观,而腔镜甲状腺伤口小且隐蔽而被广大从业者和患者所接受。常见的腔镜下甲状腺手术入路为经胸壁入路、腋窝入路、经口腔入路等。本文主要探讨各种腔镜甲状腺手术现状与发展,严格把握甲状腺手术的适应症。

Thyroid diseases have a high incidence worldwide. Traditional open surgery has always been the main method for treating thyroid diseases, but it has some drawbacks, such as large incisions and tissue damage, which may cause scars, postoperative pain, and long recovery time. The emergence of endoscopic thyroid surgery provides patients with a minimally invasive option, but whether it can achieve clinical efficacy comparable to traditional open surgery remains controversial. With the development of living conditions and the improvement of people’s aesthetic requirements, endo-scopic technology has become increasingly mature. Endoscopic thyroidectomy has developed rap-idly. Traditional open thyroidectomy creates large and unattractive neck scars, while endoscopic thyroidectomy has a small and concealed thyroid wound, which is widely accepted by practitioners and patients. The common endoscopic approaches for thyroid surgery include chest wall approach, axillary approach, oral approach, etc. This article mainly discusses the current situation and devel-opment of endoscopic thyroid surgery through the chest wall, and strictly grasps the indications of thyroid surgery.