翼状胬肉的发病机制及临床治疗进展

Pathogenesis and Advances in the Clinical Management of Pterygium

翼状胬肉是一种球结膜下纤维血管生长,穿过角膜缘并延伸到外周角膜,在某些情况下会导致严重的视觉并发症。据报道,该疾病在世界不同地区的患病率为1.2%至约40%。虽然翼状胬肉有各种危险因素,包括紫外线(UV)辐射、病毒感染、遗传因素、免疫因素、无菌性炎症和环境刺激,但翼状胬肉的发病机制主要与暴露于紫外线有关。手术是翼状胬肉的主要治疗方法,各种技术如裸巩膜、旋转结膜瓣、自体角膜缘结膜移植、羊膜移植和自体游离结膜移植用于翼状胬肉的切除。新的治疗方法似乎也大大减少了令人担忧的复发问题。

Pterygium is a bulbar conjunctival fibrovascular growth that crosses the corneal limbus and ex-tends into the peripheral cornea, leading to serious visual complications in some cases. The preva-lence of the disease has been reported to range from 1.2% to approximately 40% in different parts of the world. Although there are various risk factors for pterygium, including ultraviolet (UV) radia-tion, viral infections, genetic factors, immunologic factors, aseptic inflammation, and environmental stimuli, the pathogenesis of pterygium is primarily related to exposure to UV light. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for pterygium and various techniques such as bare sclera, rotational con-junctival flaps, autologous corneal limbal conjunctival grafts, amniotic membrane grafts and autol-ogous free conjunctival grafts are used for pterygium excision. Newer treatments also seem to have greatly reduced the worrisome problem of recurrence.