摘要
甲状腺结节在一般人群中很常见,随着年龄的增长,女性的患病率更高。大约5%~10%的甲状腺结节是恶性的;这个子集的大多数代表乳头状甲状腺癌。超声检查是结节初步评估的主要手段,根据超声特征、大小和高危临床病史选择结节进行细针穿刺活检。细针穿刺活检可进一步从细胞病理学上诊断良性或恶性疾病,当细胞学不确定时,分子检测可以进一步对患者进行风险分层,以便进行观察或手术。本文从甲状腺结节的诊断和治疗两方面进行综述,最终目标是准确识别恶性肿瘤,同时避免过度治疗。
Thyroid nodules are common in the general population, and the incidence of thyroid nodules is higher in women as they age. Approximately 5%~10% of thyroid nodules are malignant;Most of this subset represents papillary thyroid cancer. Ultrasound examination is the main method for preliminary evaluation of nodules. Nodules are selected for fine needle biopsy based on ultrasound characteristics, size, and high-risk clinical history. Fine needle aspiration biopsy can further diag-nose benign or malignant diseases from the perspective of cellular pathology. When cytology is un-certain, molecular testing can further stratify the patient’s risk for observation or surgery. This ar-ticle reviews the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules, with the ultimate goal of accurately identifying malignant tumors while avoiding overtreatment.
出处
《临床医学进展》
2023年第12期18827-18834,共8页
Advances in Clinical Medicine
