生物学标志物对社区获得性肺炎病情严重程度的评估价值

The Value of Biological Markers in Assessing the Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia

社区获得性肺炎是指院外由细菌、病毒、衣原体和支原体等微生物感染引起的肺炎,主要症状是咳嗽、伴或不伴咳嗽和胸痛,前驱症状主要有鼻炎样症状或上呼吸道感染。患者在门诊就诊时,完善相关检查,针对患者相关检查结果及临床工作中适用评分系统进行评分,给予患者病情严重程度分级,结合实际症状及相关检查,若病情严重,建议住院治疗,若病情轻,建议患者门诊随访。医生在诊疗时若能快速、便捷、精准的判断社区获得性肺炎病情严重程度,预测社区获得性肺炎的严重程度及死亡率,从而给予相应的治疗措施,针对轻度患者,建议门诊治疗,降低患者入院率,对于中重度病情患者,可延缓病情进展及减少患者住院时间,改善患者的病情和预后。本文对目前国际上关于这些新生物指标及评分系统在社区获得性肺炎诊断中的应用及其相关的最新研究作一概述。

Community-acquired pneumonia is defined as pneumonia caused by microbial infections such as bacteria, viruses, chlamydia and mycoplasma outside the hospital, with the main symptoms being cough, with or without cough and chest pain, and with antecedent symptoms mainly consisting of rhinitis-like symptoms or upper respiratory tract infections. When the patient visits the outpatient clinic, the relevant examination is completed, and the patient is scored according to the results of the relevant examination and the applicable scoring system in the clinical work, and the patient is given a grading of the severity of the disease, and combined with the actual symptoms and the rel-evant examination, if the disease is serious, it is recommended to hospitalize;if the disease is mild, it is recommended that the patient be followed up on the outpatient clinic. If doctors can quickly, conveniently and accurately determine the severity of community-acquired pneumonia and predict the severity and mortality rate of community-acquired pneumonia, they can give appropriate treatment measures. For mild patients, outpatient treatment is recommended to reduce the rate of hospitalization, and for patients with moderate to severe conditions, the progress of the disease can be slowed down and the hospitalization time of the patients can be reduced, thus improving the pa-tients’ conditions and prognosis. This article provides an overview of the latest international re-search on the use of these new bioindicators and scoring systems in the diagnosis of communi-ty-acquired pneumonia.