自身免疫性脑炎相关睡眠障碍的临床研究进展

Progress in Clinical Research of Sleep Disorders Associated with Autoimmune Encephalitis

睡眠障碍在自身免疫性脑炎患者中普遍存在,有时是最突出的或唯一的首发症状,但多数未能引起足够重视而延误诊断及治疗。免疫机制参与睡眠启动和调节的大脑网络,发生免疫介导损伤后可出现各种类型的睡眠障碍。早期诊断并启动免疫治疗可降低发病率,改善患者短期结局和长期预后。本综述旨在总结自身免疫性脑炎患者睡眠障碍的特征及可能的机制,为临床诊疗提供经验指导。

Sleep disorders are common in patients with autoimmune encephalitis and are sometimes the most prominent or only first symptom, but most do not attract sufficient attention and delay diagnosis and treatment. Immune mechanisms are involved in the brain networks that initiate and regulate sleep, and several types of sleep disorders can occur after immune-mediated injury. Early diagnosis and initiation of immunotherapy may reduce morbidity and improve short-term outcome and long-term prognosis. The aim of this review is to summarise the characteristics and possible mech-anisms of sleep disorders in patients with autoimmune encephalitis and to provide empirical guid-ance for clinical diagnosis and management.