尿液外泌体在泌尿外科疾病中的研究现状

Research Status of Urinary Exosomes in Uro-logical Diseases

外泌体是一种大小不等具有多种生物功能的细胞外囊泡,包含有多种诸如核酸、蛋白质、脂类、氨基酸,小分子代谢物等内容物,这些内容物可以反映其细胞来源。此外,外泌体还可以将内容物转运到靶细胞,成为细胞与细胞之间信息传递的重要媒介。外泌体在体液中广泛存在。尿液外泌体在泌尿系统疾病中被广泛研究并发现了其一定的临床价值。本文就外泌体在肿瘤、结石等泌尿外科疾病诊治中的研究现状进行综述。

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of different sizes with a variety of biological functions, contain-ing a variety of contents such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, small molecule metabo-lites, etc., which can reflect their cellular origin. In addition, exosomes can also transport contents to target cells, becoming an important medium for cell-to-cell information transfer. Exosomes are widely present in body fluids. Urine exosomes have been extensively studied in urological diseases and have been found to have certain clinical value. This article reviews the research status of exo-somes in the diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases such as tumors and renal calculus.